> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.carto.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.carto.com/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference.md).

# SQL Reference

The CARTO Analytics Toolbox's functions are organized in modules based on the functionality they offer. On this page you will find the full list with direct links to their definition.

| Module          | Function or Procedure                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| clustering      | <p><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/clustering.md#create_clusterdbscan">CREATE\_CLUSTERDBSCAN</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/clustering.md#create_clusterkmeans">CREATE\_CLUSTERKMEANS</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/clustering.md#st_clusterkmeans">ST\_CLUSTERKMEANS</a></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| constructors    | <p><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/constructors.md#st_bezierspline">ST\_BEZIERSPLINE</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/constructors.md#st_makeellipse">ST\_MAKEELLIPSE</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/constructors.md#st_makeenvelope">ST\_MAKEENVELOPE</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/constructors.md#st_tileenvelope">ST\_TILEENVELOPE</a></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| data            | <p><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/data.md#enrich_grid">ENRICH\_GRID</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/data.md#enrich_points">ENRICH\_POINTS</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/data.md#enrich_polygons">ENRICH\_POLYGONS</a></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| http\_request   | <p><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/http_request.md#http_request">HTTP\_REQUEST</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/http_request.md#get_http_request_quota_info">GET\_HTTP\_REQUEST\_QUOTA\_INFO</a></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| import          | [IMPORT\_URL](/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/import.md#import_url)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| lds             | <p><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/lds.md#geocode_table">GEOCODE\_TABLE</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/lds.md#geocode_reverse_table">GEOCODE\_REVERSE\_TABLE</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/lds.md#create_isolines">CREATE\_ISOLINES</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/lds.md#create_routes">CREATE\_ROUTES</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/lds.md#geocode">GEOCODE</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/lds.md#geocode_reverse">GEOCODE\_REVERSE</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/lds.md#isoline">ISOLINE</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/lds.md#get_lds_quota_info">GET\_LDS\_QUOTA\_INFO</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/lds.md#create_h3_isolines">CREATE\_H3\_ISOLINES</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/lds.md#create_routing_matrix">CREATE\_ROUTING\_MATRIX</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/lds.md#h3_isoline">H3\_ISOLINE</a></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| placekey        | <p><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/placekey.md#placekey_ash3">PLACEKEY\_ASH3</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/placekey.md#placekey_fromh3">PLACEKEY\_FROMH3</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/placekey.md#placekey_isvalid">PLACEKEY\_ISVALID</a></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| processing      | <p><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/processing.md#st_delaunaylines">ST\_DELAUNAYLINES</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/processing.md#st_delaunaypolygons">ST\_DELAUNAYPOLYGONS</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/processing.md#st_polygonize">ST\_POLYGONIZE</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/processing.md#st_voronoilines">ST\_VORONOILINES</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/processing.md#st_voronoipolygons">ST\_VORONOIPOLYGONS</a></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
| quadbin         | <p><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_bbox">QUADBIN\_BBOX</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_boundary">QUADBIN\_BOUNDARY</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_center">QUADBIN\_CENTER</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_distance">QUADBIN\_DISTANCE</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_fromgeogpoint">QUADBIN\_FROMGEOGPOINT</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_fromlonglat">QUADBIN\_FROMLONGLAT</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_fromquadkey">QUADBIN\_FROMQUADKEY</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_fromzxy">QUADBIN\_FROMZXY</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_isvalid">QUADBIN\_ISVALID</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_kring">QUADBIN\_KRING</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_kring_distances">QUADBIN\_KRING\_DISTANCES</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_polyfill">QUADBIN\_POLYFILL</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_polyfill_table">QUADBIN\_POLYFILL\_TABLE</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_resolution">QUADBIN\_RESOLUTION</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_sibling">QUADBIN\_SIBLING</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_tochildren">QUADBIN\_TOCHILDREN</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_toparent">QUADBIN\_TOPARENT</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_toquadkey">QUADBIN\_TOQUADKEY</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/quadbin.md#quadbin_tozxy">QUADBIN\_TOZXY</a></p> |
| random          | [ST\_GENERATEPOINTS](/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/random.md#st_generatepoints)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| s2              | <p><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/s2.md#s2_boundary">S2\_BOUNDARY</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/s2.md#s2_fromgeogpoint">S2\_FROMGEOGPOINT</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/s2.md#s2_fromhilbertquadkey">S2\_FROMHILBERTQUADKEY</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/s2.md#s2_fromlonglat">S2\_FROMLONGLAT</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/s2.md#s2_fromtoken">S2\_FROMTOKEN</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/s2.md#s2_fromuint64repr">S2\_FROMUINT64REPR</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/s2.md#s2_polyfill_bbox">S2\_POLYFILL\_BBOX</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/s2.md#s2_resolution">S2\_RESOLUTION</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/s2.md#s2_tochildren">S2\_TOCHILDREN</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/s2.md#s2_tohilbertquadkey">S2\_TOHILBERTQUADKEY</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/s2.md#s2_toparent">S2\_TOPARENT</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/s2.md#s2_totoken">S2\_TOTOKEN</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/s2.md#s2_touint64repr">S2\_TOUINT64REPR</a></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
| statistics      | <p><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/statistics.md#getis_ord_quadbin">GETIS\_ORD\_QUADBIN</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/statistics.md#morans_i_quadbin">MORANS\_I\_QUADBIN</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/statistics.md#p_value">P\_VALUE</a></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
| tiler           | <p><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/tiler.md#create_simple_tileset">CREATE\_SIMPLE\_TILESET</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/tiler.md#create_point_aggregation_tileset">CREATE\_POINT\_AGGREGATION\_TILESET</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/tiler.md#create_spatial_index_tileset">CREATE\_SPATIAL\_INDEX\_TILESET</a></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| transformations | <p><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/transformations.md#st_centermean">ST\_CENTERMEAN</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/transformations.md#st_centermedian">ST\_CENTERMEDIAN</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/transformations.md#st_centerofmass">ST\_CENTEROFMASS</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/transformations.md#st_centroid">ST\_CENTROID</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/transformations.md#st_destination">ST\_DESTINATION</a><br><a href="/data-and-analysis/analytics-toolbox-for-redshift/sql-reference/transformations.md#st_greatcircle">ST\_GREATCIRCLE</a></p>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |


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